Cream butter with the spices, yolks and maple syrup. Combine the rye flour with the walnuts and knead with the butter mixture to form a dough. Shape into a ball and let rest, covered, about 1 hour.
Cut dough into quarters, form into rolls and cut into pieces about the size of walnuts. Shape these into balls and place on a baking sheet with baking paper, spacing them about 5 inches apart. Flatten balls slightly and bake in a preheated oven at 180 °C top/bottom heat for about 20 minutes. Place on a wire rack to cool.
Mix confectioners’ sugar in a bowl with orange zest and a few drops of orange juice to make a thick glaze. Brush the cooled cookies with the orange glaze and let set. To store, place the cookies in an airtight tin and store in a dry place.